```r
require(mapdata)
map("worldHires", xlim = range(osos$x) + c(-2,2), ylim = range(osos$y) + c(-2,2), col = "lightgrey", fill = TRUE, bor = "darkgrey")
box()
require(scales)

n.bears <- length(levels(osos$id))
palette(topo.colors(n.bears))
d_ply(osos, "id", 
      function(oso) with(oso, points(x,y, col = alpha(as.integer(id), .2), cex = 0.5, pch = 19, type = "o")))
```

<img src="codigoParaAnimaciones_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-3-1.png" width="672" />