Listing 13.1  JMenuBar with JMenu (TJMenuBar.java)
// Demonstrates the Swing menu bar and menus

/*
 * <Applet code=TJMenuBar width=450 height=50>
 * </Applet>
 */
  
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.border.*;
import java.awt.*;
 
public class TJMenuBar extends JApplet {
    public void init() {
        // 1. Get the handle on the applet's content pane.
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        
        // 2. Create a menu bar with bevel border and
        // add it to the applet.
        JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar();
        menuBar.setBorder(new BevelBorder(BevelBorder.RAISED));
        container.add(menuBar, BorderLayout.NORTH);
        // 3. Create menus for a simple editor.
        JMenu fileMenu = new JMenu("File", true);
        JMenu editMenu = new JMenu("Edit");
        JMenu formatMenu = new JMenu("Format");
        JMenu optionsMenu = new JMenu("Options");
        
        // 4. Add the menus to the menu bar.
        menuBar.add(fileMenu);
        menuBar.add(editMenu);
        menuBar.add(formatMenu);
        menuBar.add(optionsMenu);
                              
        // 5. Get the handle on each menu to the normal and
        // selected icons and the mnemonic (short-cut) key.
        for (int i=0; i<menuBar.getMenuCount(); i++) {
           JMenu menu = menuBar.getMenu(i);  // returns the menu
           menu.setIcon(new ImageIcon("red.gif"));
           
           // Set mnemonic key.
           String text = menu.getText(); // gets the menu label
           menu.setMnemonic(text.charAt(0)); // at first char
        }
    }
}

Listing 13.2  JMenu with JMenuItem (TJMenu.java)
// Demonstrates the Swing menus, submenus, and menu items

/*
 * <Applet code=TJMenu width=450 height=50>
 * </Applet>
 */
  
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.border.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
 
public class TJMenu extends JApplet {
      
    public void init() {
        // 1. Get the handle on the applet's content pane.
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        
        // 2. Add a menu bar to the applet.
        JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar();
        menuBar.setBorder(new BevelBorder(BevelBorder.RAISED));
        menuBar.setBorderPainted(true);
        container.add(menuBar, BorderLayout.NORTH);   
           
        // 3. Add the File menu and its menu items .
        JMenu fileMenu = new JMenu("File", true);
        menuBar.add(fileMenu);

        // 4. Add the submenus to the File menu.
        fileMenu.add(new JMenuItem("New"));
        fileMenu.add(new JMenuItem("Open"));
        fileMenu.addSeparator();
        fileMenu.add(new JMenuItem("Save"));
        fileMenu.add(new JMenuItem("Sava As"));
        fileMenu.addSeparator();
        fileMenu.addSeparator();
                     
        // 5. Add the Edit menu and its menu items.
        JMenu editMenu = new JMenu("Edit");
        menuBar.add(editMenu);

        // 6. Add the submenus to the edit menu.
        editMenu.add(new JMenuItem("Undo"));
        editMenu.addSeparator();
        editMenu.add(new JMenuItem("Cut"));
        editMenu.add(new JMenuItem("Copy"));
        editMenu.add(new JMenuItem("Paste"));
                
        // 7. Create and add the Options menu and submenus 
        // and their items.
        JMenu optionsMenu = new JMenu("Options");
        menuBar.add(optionsMenu);

        // 8. Add the submenus to the Options menu.
        JMenu bookMarksMenu = new JMenu("Book Marks");
        optionsMenu.add(bookMarksMenu);

        // 9. Add the submenus to the Book Marks menu.
        JMenuItem addMI = new JMenuItem("Add  Alt-K");       
        bookMarksMenu.add(addMI);
        JMenuItem editMI = new JMenuItem("Edit  Alt-B");
        bookMarksMenu.add(editMI);
        JMenu guideMenu = new JMenu("Guide");
        bookMarksMenu.add(guideMenu);

        // 10. Add the submenus to the Guide menu.
        JMenuItem whatIsNewMI = new JMenuItem("What's New");
        whatIsNewMI.setMnemonic('N');
        guideMenu.add(whatIsNewMI);
        JMenuItem whatIsCoolMI = new JMenuItem("What's Cool");
        whatIsCoolMI.setMnemonic('C');
        guideMenu.add(whatIsCoolMI);                              

        // 11. Finally, add two more submenus to the Options menu.
        JMenuItem javaConsoleMI = new JMenuItem("Java Console");
        optionsMenu.add(javaConsoleMI);        
        JMenuItem addressBookMI = new JMenuItem("Address Book");
        optionsMenu.add(addressBookMI);                               
    }     
}

Listing 13.3  JCheckBoxMenuItem and JRadioButtonMenuItem (TJCheckBoxMenuItem.java)
// Demonstrates the check box menu items
// and radio button menu items

/*
 * <Applet code=TJCheckBoxMenuItem width=450 height=50>
 * </Applet>
 */
  
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.border.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
 
public class TJCheckBoxMenuItem extends JApplet {
 
    public void init() {
        // 1. Get the handle on the applet's content pane.
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        
        // 2. Create a menu bar and add it to the applet.
        JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar();
        menuBar.setBorder(new BevelBorder(BevelBorder.RAISED));
        //menuBar.setBorderPainted(true);        
        container.add(menuBar, BorderLayout.NORTH);          
         
        // 3. Create and add the File menu and its menu items.
        JMenu fileMenu = new JMenu("File", true);
        menuBar.add(fileMenu);
              
        // 4. Create the Edit menu and its menu items
        // and add them to the menu bar.
        JMenu editMenu = new JMenu("Edit");
        menuBar.add(editMenu);
        
        // 5. Create the Options menu, submenus, and their items.
        JMenu optionsMenu = new JMenu("Options");
        menuBar.add(optionsMenu);        
                         
        // 6. Create and add the Fonts options menu to the
        // Options menu.
        JMenu fontsOptionsMenu = new JMenu("Fonts");
        optionsMenu.add(fontsOptionsMenu);

        // 7. Create radio button menu items and add them
        // to the Fonts option menu.
        JRadioButtonMenuItem rbItem;
        ButtonGroup group = new ButtonGroup();
        String[] rbLabels = {"Dialog", "Monospaced", "SansSerif"};
        for (int i=0; i<rbLabels.length; i++) {
            rbItem = new JRadioButtonMenuItem(rbLabels[i]);
            fontsOptionsMenu.add(rbItem);
            group.add(rbItem);
        }

        // 8. Create and add the Others options menu to the
        // Options menu.
        JMenu advancedOptionsMenu = new JMenu("Others");
        optionsMenu.add(advancedOptionsMenu);

        // 9. Create and add the check box menu items to the
        // Others options menu.
        JCheckBoxMenuItem  cbItem;
        String[] cbLabels =  {"Load Images", "Enable Java",
                              "Enable JavaScript"};
        for (int i=0; i<cbLabels.length; i++) {
            cbItem = new JCheckBoxMenuItem(cbLabels[i]);
            advancedOptionsMenu.add(cbItem);
        }
    }      
}


Listing 13.4  Text Window That Displays a JPopupMenu (TJPopupMenu.java)
// Demonstrates the Swing pop-up menus

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

public class TJPopupMenu extends JFrame {
    JPopupMenu popupMenu;
    JMenuItem saveItem, cutItem, copyItem, pasteItem,
              helpItem;
    JTextArea textArea;
    Container container;

    public TJPopupMenu() {
        // 1. For frame closing.
        this.addWindowListener(new FrameClosing());

        // 2. Get a handle on the frame's content pane.
        container = this.getContentPane();

        // 3. Create and add the text area to the content pane.
        textArea = new JTextArea("Click the mouse right button inside "
                                 + "\nthe frame.");
        textArea.setFont(new Font("Monospaced", Font.PLAIN, 14));
        container.add(textArea);

        // 4. Create a pop-up menu.
        popupMenu = new JPopupMenu("Test Popup Menu");

        // 5. Create menu items and add them to the pop-up menu.
        // Also add some separators as shown in the code.
        saveItem = new JMenuItem("Save");
        popupMenu.add(saveItem);

        popupMenu.addSeparator();

        cutItem = new JMenuItem("Cut");
        popupMenu.add(cutItem);

        copyItem = new JMenuItem("Copy");
        popupMenu.add(copyItem);

        pasteItem = new JMenuItem("Paste");
        popupMenu.add(pasteItem);

        popupMenu.addSeparator();

        helpItem = new JMenuItem("Help");
        popupMenu.add(helpItem);

        // 6. Add the mouse listener to the content pane.
        PopupMenuListener pml = new PopupMenuListener();
        textArea.addMouseListener(pml);
    }

    	// 7. Mouse listener class.
   	class PopupMenuListener extends MouseAdapter {
       	public void mousePressed(MouseEvent me) {
        showPopup(me)
        }

        public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent me) {
            showPopup(me);
        }

        private void showPopup(MouseEvent me) {
            if (me.isPopupTrigger()) {
                popupMenu.show(me.getComponent(),
                               me.getX(), me.getY());
            }
        }
    }

    // 8. Window listener.
    class FrameClosing extends WindowAdapter {
    public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
           	 System.exit(0);
        }
    }

    // 9. The main method.
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TJPopupMenu frame = new TJPopupMenu();
        frame.setTitle("TJPopupMenu");
        frame.setSize(350, 150);
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}

Listing 13.5  JToolBar with Buttons and Icons (TJToolBar.java)
/*
 * <Applet code=TJToolBar width=350 height=150>
 * </Applet>
 */

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class TJToolBar extends JApplet {
    //1. Create some icons for buttons.
    Icon newIcon = new ImageIcon("new.gif");
    Icon openIcon = new ImageIcon("open.gif");
    Icon saveIcon = new ImageIcon("save.gif");
    Icon cutIcon = new ImageIcon("cut.gif");
    Icon copyIcon = new ImageIcon("copy.gif");
    Icon pasteIcon = new ImageIcon("paste.gif");
    public void init() {

        //2. Get the handle on the applets' content pane.
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        //3. Create a toolbar object.
        JToolBar toolBar = new JToolBar();

        //4. Set the margin between toolbar border and its comps.
        toolBar.setMargin(new Insets(5,5,5,5));

        //5. Create some toolbar buttons.
        JButton button1 = new JButton(newIcon);
        JButton button2 = new JButton(openIcon);
        JButton button3 = new JButton(saveIcon);
        JButton button4 = new JButton(cutIcon);
        JButton button5 = new JButton(copyIcon);
        JButton button6 = new JButton(pasteIcon);

        //6. Add the buttons to the toolbar with separators.
        toolBar.add(button1);
        toolBar.add(button2);
        toolBar.addSeparator();
        toolBar.add(button3);
        toolBar.addSeparator();
        toolBar.addSeparator();
        toolBar.add(button4);
        toolBar.add(button5);
        toolBar.addSeparator();
        toolBar.add(button6);
        //7. Make a panel with a label.
        JPanel panel = new JPanel();
        JLabel label = new JLabel("Pure JFC", JLabel.CENTER);
        label.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(350,100));
        label.setBackground(Color.white);
        label.setFont(new Font("Dialog", Font.PLAIN, 40));
        label.setOpaque(true);
        panel.add(label);

        //8. Add these components to the applet.
        container.add(toolBar, BorderLayout.NORTH);
        container.add(panel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
    }
}

Listing 13.6  Handling Actions Common to Multiple Controls (TAction.java)
// Demonstrates how to handle actions common to multiple
// controls such as menu items (in menus and pop-up menus)
// and toolbar buttons.

import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.event.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

// The Swing frame class
public class TAction extends JFrame {
    // Declare the data members
    CutAction cutAction = null;
    PasteAction pasteAction = null;
    Container container = null;
    JPopupMenu popupMenu = null;
    JTextArea textArea = null;

    // Icons to be used over the toolbar buttons
    // and menu items
    Icon cutIcon = new ImageIcon("cut.gif");
    Icon pasteIcon = new ImageIcon("paste.gif");

    public TAction() {
        // 1. Call the super with the prescribed title.
        super("TAction Frame");

        // 2. Get the handle on the frame's content pane.
        container = this.getContentPane();

        // 3. Create a panel and add it at the top of the frame.
        JPanel panel = new JPanel(false);
        container.add(panel, BorderLayout.NORTH);
        panel.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));

        // 4. Create a menu bar and attach it to the panel.
        JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar();
        panel.add(menuBar);
        
        // 5. Create the File and Edit menus.
        JMenu fileMenu = new JMenu("File");
        JMenu editMenu = new JMenu("Edit");
        
        // 6. Add the menus to the menu bar.
        menuBar.add(fileMenu);
        menuBar.add(editMenu);

        // 7. Create a toolbar and attach it to the panel.
        JToolBar toolBar = new JToolBar();
        panel.add(toolBar);

        // 8. Create the Action objects for the cut and paste.
        // operations
        cutAction = new CutAction("Cut", cutIcon);
        pasteAction = new PasteAction("Paste", pasteIcon);

        // 9. Add the sources of common actions to their parents.
        JMenuItem actionCutItem = editMenu.add(cutAction);
        JMenuItem actionPasteItem = editMenu.add(pasteAction);

        JButton cutButton = toolBar.add(cutAction);
        JButton pasteButton = toolBar.add(pasteAction);
        cutButton.setText("");   // Tool bar buttons need not have
        pasteButton.setText(""); // the labels

        // 10. Create and add the text area to the content pane.
        textArea = new JTextArea("Test the Action interface "
                                +"by operating the tool bar buttons, "
                                +"\nmenu items in the edit menu, and "
                                +"\nmenu items in the pop-up menu.");
        textArea.setFont(new Font("Monospaced", Font.PLAIN, 14));
        container.add(textArea);

        // 11. Create a pop-up menu and add it to the text area.
        popupMenu = new JPopupMenu("Test Popup Menu");
        JMenuItem cutPopupMenuItem  = popupMenu.add(cutAction);
        JMenuItem pastePopupMenuItem = popupMenu.add(pasteAction);

        // 12. Create a pop-up menu listener and register it with 
        // text area.
        PopupMenuListener pml = new PopupMenuListener();
        textArea.addMouseListener(pml);

        // 13. To close the frame.
        addWindowListener(new WindowEventHandler());
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);

        // 14. Set the size of the frame and display it.
        setSize(350, 200);
        show();
    }

    // 15. Cut Action class that extends AbstractAction.
    class CutAction extends AbstractAction {
        public CutAction(String label, Icon icon) {
            super(label, icon);
        }

        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) {
            textArea.cut();
        }
    }

    // 16.Paste Action class that extends AbstractAction.
    class PasteAction extends AbstractAction {
        public PasteAction(String label, Icon icon) {
            super(label, icon);
        }

        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) {
            textArea.paste();
        }
    }

    // 17. The popup menu listener.
    class PopupMenuListener extends MouseAdapter {
        public void mousePressed(MouseEvent me) {
            showPopup(me);
        }

        public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent me) {
            showPopup(me);
        }

        private void showPopup(MouseEvent me) {
            if (me.isPopupTrigger()) {
                popupMenu.show(me.getComponent(),
                               me.getX(), me.getY());
            }
        }
    }

    // 18. Listener class to close the frame.
    class WindowEventHandler extends WindowAdapter {
        public void windowClosing(WindowEvent evt) {
            System.exit(0);
        }
    }

    // 19. The main method.
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TAction actionFrame = new TAction();
    }
}

Listing 13.7  TToolTip.java
//  Demonstrates the Swing tool tips

/*
 * <Applet code=TToolTip width=350 height=150>
 * </Applet>         
 */

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class TToolTip extends JApplet {
    // Create some icons for buttons.
    Icon newIcon = new ImageIcon("new.gif");
    Icon openIcon = new ImageIcon("open.gif");
    Icon saveIcon = new ImageIcon("save.gif");
    Icon cutIcon = new ImageIcon("cut.gif");
    Icon copyIcon = new ImageIcon("copy.gif");
    Icon pasteIcon = new ImageIcon("paste.gif");

    Icon[] icons = {newIcon, openIcon, saveIcon,
                    cutIcon, copyIcon, pasteIcon};
    String[] toolTips = {"New", "Open", "Save",
                         "Cut", "Copy", "Paste"};

    public void init() {
        // 1. Get the handle on the applet's content pane.
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        
        // 2. Create a toolbar object.
        JToolBar toolBar = new JToolBar();

        // 3. Set the margin between the toolbar border and its comps.
        toolBar.setMargin(new Insets(5,5,5,5));
        
        // 4. Create some buttons and ToolTips
        // and add them to the toolbar. Also add
        // the separators.
        for (int i=0; i<6; i++) {
           JButton button = new JButton(icons[i]);
           button.setToolTipText(toolTips[i]);
           toolBar.add(button);
           if (i == 2 || i == 3 || i == 5)
              toolBar.addSeparator();
           if (i == 3)
              toolBar.addSeparator();
        }

        // 5. Make a panel with a label.
        JPanel panel = new JPanel();     
        JLabel label = new JLabel("Pure JFC", JLabel.CENTER);
        //label.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(350,150));
        label.setBackground(Color.white);
        label.setFont(new Font("Dialog", Font.PLAIN, 40));
        label.setOpaque(true);
        panel.add(label);

        // 6. Add the toolbar and panel to the applet.
        container.add(toolBar, BorderLayout.NORTH);
        container.add(panel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
    }
}