/*
 *  =================================================================
 *  DemoStrings.java: Demo features of Strings in Java
 *
 *  String is a class for working with arrays of multiple characters.
 *
 *  Written By: Mark Austin                              October 2003
 *  =================================================================
 */

import java.lang.Math;
import java.text.*;

public class DemoStrings {

   // Constructor method.

   public DemoStrings() {};

   // main method : this is where the program execution begins.

   public static void main ( String [] args ) {

       int i;

       // [a] Setup and print two strings ...

       String pet1 =   "Fred";
       String pet2 = "Ginger";

       System.out.println("");
       System.out.println("My cats are " + pet1 + " and " + pet2 );

       // [b] Let's concetenate and then print the strings 

       String myPets = pet1.concat(" and ").concat( pet2 );
       System.out.println("My pets are " + myPets );

       // [c] Test for equality of strings ....

       if ( pet1.equals(pet2) == true )
            System.out.println("My pets have the same name" );
       else
            System.out.println("My pets have different names" );

       // [d] Let's count the characters in each pet name ....

       System.out.println("");
       System.out.println("\"Fred\" has " + pet1.length() + " characters" );

       System.out.println("\"" + pet2 + "\"" + " has " +
                          pet2.length() + " characters" );

       // [e] Define array of character strings -- this is how I
       //     remembered how to spell "arithmetic" at the age of 5-6.

       String [] saArithmetic = {   "A",  "Red", "Indian", "Thought",     "He",
                                "Might",  "Eat", "Toffee",      "In", "Church" };


       System.out.println("");
       System.out.println("Array: saArithmetic");
       for ( i = 0; i < saArithmetic.length; i = i + 1)
            System.out.println( "  " + saArithmetic [i] );

       System.out.println("");
       System.out.println("Length of saArithmetic = " + saArithmetic.length );

       // [f] Let's compute some simple operations on strings....

       for ( i = 0; i < saArithmetic.length; i = i + 1)
            System.out.println("  saArithmetic[" + i +  "] has " +
                                saArithmetic[i].length() + " characters" );

       // [g] Let's convert the saArithmetic to uppercase and lowercase....

       System.out.println("");
       System.out.println("Convert Strings to Uppercase and Lowercase" );
       for ( i = 0; i < saArithmetic.length; i = i + 1)
            System.out.println("  saArithmetic[" + i +  "] is: " +
                                  saArithmetic[i].toUpperCase() + " and " +
                                  saArithmetic[i].toLowerCase() );

       // [h] Convert a number to a string

       int   iA = 34;
       float fA = 23.34F;

       String sA = Integer.toString( iA );
       String sB = Float.toString( fA );

       System.out.println("");
       System.out.println("Number to string: sA = " + sA );
       System.out.println("Number to string: fA = " + sB );

       // [i] Convert a string to a number ....

       String myInt = "31415926";
       String myPi  = "3.1415926";

       int    imyPi = Integer.valueOf( myInt ).intValue();
       float  fmyPi = Float.valueOf( myPi ).floatValue();
       double dmyPi = Double.valueOf( myPi ).doubleValue();

       System.out.println("");
       System.out.println("String to Number: int  myInt   = " + imyPi );
       System.out.println("String to Number: float myPi   = " + fmyPi );
       System.out.println("String to Number: double  myPi = " + dmyPi );

   }
}