The tests have been averaged together at like times to produce an ensemble averaged injection event. In addition to the mean concentration as a function of time, the variation can also be characterized by the standard deviation of the concentration about the mean. Azimuthally resovled level averages are also calculated for comparison to the thermocouple measurements made in the integral facility. Finally, the amount of mixing is characterized by examing the Probability Distribution Function (PDF) of the scanned downcomer volume, as well as at the outlet of the downcomer.

Front Averaging
Averaging procedure and temporal evolution of the mean concentration for a front injection.

Slug Averaging
Temporal evolution of an ensemble-averaged slug injection event.

Front level averages
Front averages of given levels for comparison to integral tests of ISP-43

Slug level averages
Slug averages of given levels for comparison to integral tests of ISP-43

Mixing and PDF Evolution
Calculated Probability Distribution Funtion evolution for the front and slug injection